1. Search Engines
2. Directories
3. The Invisible Web
4. Resources

A search engine is an automated system of software & hardware that uses keywords and phrases to find a list of web sites with those keywords or phrases. Search engines include:

Ask Jeeves
http://www.ask.com/

AlltheWeb
http://www.alltheweb.com/

AltaVista
http://www.altavista.com/

Google
http://www.google.com/

Teoma
http://www.teoma.com/

A meta-search engine uses many search engines at once to search, but it may not use the “top” search engines. Use this type of search engine if you have a unique word or phrase to search. Meta-search engines include:

Ixquick
http://www.ixquick.com/

Vivisimo
http://www.vivisimo.com/

Certain search engines can search for different file formats, such as image files, mp3/audio files, and video files. These include:

AltaVista Audio Search
http://www.altavista.com/audio/default

AltaVista image search
http://www.altavista.com/image/default

Google image search
http://www.google.com/imghp

Lycos
http://multimedia.lycos.com

AlltheWeb
http://alltheweb.com
Video, audio, and ftp downloads

Directories are hierarchical subject indexes that have been cataloged by humans, not machines. Searchers can drill down from the general subject categories to more specific categories. Directories may also provide reviews of the web sites they catalog.

Open Directory Project
http://dmoz.org

Librarian’s Index to the Internet
http://lii.org/

Infomine
http://infomine.ucr.edu/

About.com
http://www.about.com/

AcademicInfo
http://www.academicinfo.net/

Yahoo!
http://www.yahoo.com/

Google Directory
http://directory.google.com/

The Invisible Web refers to web sites that are not indexed by search engines or categorized by directories--usually databases that are dynamically generated or constantly changing. Some of these web sites may require authentication to access. Others can be accessed at:

CompletePlanet
http://www.completeplanet.com

Direct Search
http://www.freepint.com/gary/direct.htm

Pro Fusion
http://www.profusion.com/

Search it Right.com
http://www.searchitright.com
Donna Fryer's company offers outstanding information resources, including her CD on advanced searching techniques and implementation strategies.

Invisible-Web.net
http://invisible-web.net/

Research Buzz
http://www.researchbuzz.com/

ResourceShelf
http://resourceshelf.freepint.com/

Search Engine Watch
http://searchenginewatch.com/

Size of the Deep Web
http://www.brightplanet.com/deepcontent/deep_web_faq.asp#
Anchor_dwfaq5

1. As a library worker, have you ever dealt with a student like the one in this vignette?
2. As a library patron, have you ever been in this same student’s situation?
3. How would you rate your Internet searching skills? Could they be improved?

1. Four Important Search Engines
2. Searching Features for Different Search Engines
3. Advanced Searching Features for Different Search Engines
4. Searching Methods
5. What's Wrong with These Sites?
6. Resources

Google
http://www.google.com/

Yahoo!
http://www.yahoo.com/

AlltheWeb
http://www.alltheweb.com/

AltaVista
http://www.altavista.com/

Feature	Google	Yahoo	AlltheWeb	AltaVista
“Or” feature	OR	OR	( ) around each word	OR
Case Sensitivity	Upper or lower case	Upper or lower case	Upper or lower case	Upper will only retrieve upper To get both, use lower case
Title	Intitle:	Intitle:	Normal.title: or Title:	Title:
URL	Inurl:	Inurl:	Url:	Url:
Link	Link:	Link:	Link: or Link.all	Link:

Google Search Help for Basics and Advanced
http://www.google.com/help/refinesearch.html

Yahoo! Search Help for Basics and Advanced Searching
http://help.yahoo.com/help/us/ysearch

AlltheWeb Search Help for Advanced Searches
http://alltheweb.com/help/faqs/advanced

AltaVista Search Help for Advanced Searching
http://www.altavista.com/help/search/help_adv

• Basic Search
• Title Search
• URL Search
• Site Search
• Finding Links

Mankato's Underwater City
http://www.lme.mankato.msus.edu/mankato/under.html

Dihydrogen Monoxide - DHMO Homepage
http://www.dhmo.org/

History of a Victorian Era Robot
http://www.bigredhair.com/boilerplate/

Search it Right.com
http://www.searchitright.com/
Donna Fryer's company offers outstanding information resources, including her CD on advanced searching techniques and implementation strategies.

Search it Right Training CD
http://www.searchitright.com/order.html
This research training CD can be used for Information Professionals, Libraries, Finance Industry, Insurance Industry, Legal Research, Credit Managers, and many other industries besides competitive intelligence.

• Who is the author?
• What are the author's qualifications?
• What is the purpose of the document?

• Who published the document?
• Who maintains it?
• What is the domain?
• What institution supports this document?

• What goals or objectives does this page meet?
• How detailed is the information?
• Who is the intended audience?

• When was this document produced?
• When was this document last updated?
• Are the links up to date?

• Does the body of the document clearly describe the subject covered?
• Is information easy to find?
• Is the information free?

Evaluation of Information Sources
The World-Wide Web Virtual Library
http://www.vuw.ac.nz/staff/alastair_smith/evaln/evaln.htm

1. Definition
2. How to Recognize Spam without Opening Your E-mail
3. Simple Ways to Avoid Getting Spam
4. Setting Up Filters for Spam
5. CAN-SPAM Act
6. A Final Note about Spam
7. Resources

Spam commonly refers unsolicited e-mail advertisements—electronic junk mail. It can also include any inappropriate e-mail, including personal messages sent to and from people’s e-mail accounts at work.

Spam wastes time and computer space. It is also illegal to send an unsolicited advertisement electronically, though that does not stop it from happening. Few people are willing to file a complaint in a Small Claims Court.

Spammers gather e-mail addresses in a variety of ways. One of these is by using a spambot—a program that gathers e-mails from web pages and uses them as targets for spam.

Spam may also contain an embedded image (or ‘Web bug’), which you may not even be able to see, It is often a single, transparent pixel, but it allows spammers to know that you are opening your email. The image is actually on their web site, and opening the email activates the link to that image, telling the spammer’s computer that you actually look at your spam, so send more!

One way to catch these messages is to set your filters to look for the HTML code for an image (IMG) in the body of the message.

• Garbage at the end of the Subject: line
• No real name or no spaces in the From: line

1. Never respond to spam.
2. Never buy a product advertised in spam.
3. Do not give your e-mail address without knowing how it will be used.
4. Use a 2nd e-mail address for distribution lists or discussion groups.
5. Use e-mail filters and junk mail controls built into your e-mail software.

You can set up a filter (see Chapter 4) to block spam. Check the subject heading of your spam e-mails (avoid opening spam if at all possible) for your keywords, and choose your Delete Folder as the destination.

Another way to filter specific e-mails is to right-click on a message that you know is spam and choose Junk E-Mail from that menu. You will be given a choice of putting this e-mail on a Junk Senders list or an Adult Content list. These lists are the basis for another set of filters.

To view or edit the names in these two lists, click on the Organize Icon on your toolbar and click on Junk E-Mail. Look for the message on options and click to view the window where you can edit Junk Senders or Edit Adult Content Senders.

Unfortunately, as noted in the Too Much E-Mail! vignette, filters will not catch everything and will need to be updated frequently. If spam is a major problem, you may need to purchase spam-blocking software.

President Bush signed the CAN-SPAM Act on December 15, 2003. This new law, which took effect on January 1, 2004, is designed to curb spam by

• Requiring commercial e-mailers to provide Internet users with the opportunity.
  to opt-out of receiving further messages.
• Prohibiting e-mail to be sent using false header information.
• Setting civil penalties for deceptive subject lines on commercial e-mail.

Do not spam by sending jokes, web sites, etc. to people on your company’s email account. Do it on your own computer, and your own time.

Spam Recycling Center
http://www.spamrecycle.com/antispamthings.htm

“Is the CAN-SPAM Law Working?”
Only a small percentage of unsolicited e-mail complies with the new law.
Grant Gross, IDG News Service, Tuesday
January 13, 2004
PCWorld.com
http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,114287,00.asp

CDT Report on Origins of Spam
"Why Am I Getting All This Spam?"
Advice on how to avoid spam
Center for Democracy and Technology (CDT)
December 16, 2003
http://www.cdt.org/speech/spam/

1. Definition
2. Plug Ins
3. Security Software
4. Software Download Sites
5. Types of Downloads
6. Toolbars—Pop-Up Blockers

A List of Browser Plugins
Web Developer’s Virtual Library
http://www.wdvl.com/Software/Plugins/

Adobe Acrobat Reader
Free download
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

This software protects your computer from viruses, spyware, and other threats to the safety of your computer and your own privacy.

Some small, freely available programs can help you deal with Spyware.

Spybot
http://www.safer-networking.org/index.php?lang=en&page
=download

Ad Aware 6
http://www.lavasoftusa.com/support/download/

AVG
http://www.grisoft.com/us/us_dwnl_free.php

AVG offers regularly updated, well-supported anti-virus programs, including a free edition for single home users, and discounts for non-profit organizations on the commercial edition.

CNET
http://www.cnet.com

CNET is a media and technology company with a web portal that links to product reviews, shopping, tech news and downloads. The download page includes both free and commercial products, ratings and reviews, online newsletters, and special offers.

ZDNet
http://www.zdnet.com

ZDNet is a subsidiary of CNet that focuses on business technology. Its portal includes news, updates, white papers, reviews & prices, and downloads. Like its parent company, ZDNet’s download page includes products, ratings, and reviews. It also has a search engine that brings you to a page rating different software packages when you type “spam” in the search box.

Tucows
http://www.tucows.com

Tucows has been making software downloads available since 1993, and was the first to provide freeware and shareware. It now also provides Internet services, such as domain name registration, and e-business products and services, such as digital web certificates and e-mail services.

PC World Downloads
http://www.pcworld.com/downloads/index/0,00.asp

PC World Downloads offers reviews, utilities, patches & drivers, and other downloads related to Privacy & Security, Graphics & Multimedia, Handhelds, and Fun & Games.

• Freeware: software available free of charge.
• Shareware: software available free of charge for a limited trial period and then must be purchased.
• Commercial software: must be purchased before using.

Google Toolbar
http://toolbar.google.com/

Yahoo! Companion Toolbar
http://companion.yahoo.com/

“Microsoft Move Likely to Be Death Knell
to Pop-Up Advertising Format”
Mark Glaser
December 12, 2003
http://www.ojr.org/ojr/glaser/1071011476.php

1. Cookies
2. Spyware
3. Secure Online Shopping
4. Firewalls

1. Definition
2. Cleaning Out Cookies
3. Blocking and Viewing Cookies
4. Resources

1. Click on Start.
2. Choose Programs.
3. Choose Accessories.
4. Choose System Tools.
5. Choose Disk Cleanup.
6. Choose Files to delete: check Temporary Internet Files and Temporary files, click Okay.
7. Click Yes to “Are you sure you want to perform these actions
8. Click Okay

Internet Explorer 5.0
To check or change your browser’s security settings:
Menu bar > Tools > Internet Options > Security tab > Internet > Custom Level > Cookies > Choose one of the two options.

To see what cookies you have:
• Go into your cookies directory
  (usually c:\windows\cookies)
• Delete all the files you have there

Netscape Communicator 6.0
To check or change your browser’s security settings:
Task bar > Edit > Preferences > Privacy & Security > Cookies > choose
• Enable all cookies
• Enable no cookies
• Enable selected cookies
• Warn you before setting any cookies

To see what cookies you have:
• Click on the View Stored Cookies button.

Netscape Communicator 4
To check or change your browser’s security settings:
Task bar > Edit > Preferences > Advanced > Set your options in the box labeled "Cookies."

To see what cookies you have:
• Find your cookie file.
• Check your user directory for the program
  (/Program Files/Netscape/Users/YourID).
• Look for a file named cookies.txt or cookie5.dat.
• Open this file in any text browser to view the cookies.

Note: If you delete all of your Cookies, some sites may not work as well.

Cookie Central
http://www.cookiecentral.com/

Electronic Information Privacy Center: Cookies
http://www.epic.org/privacy/internet/cookies/

Webmonkey: An Introduction to Cookies
by Marc Slayton, November 7, 1996
http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/webmonkey/geektalk/96/45/
index3a.html

Netscape Network Security Center: Privacy
http://wp.netscape.com/security/basics/privacy.html#cookies

Spyware is also known as Advertising Supported software or Adware. It is software that gathers information about your through your Internet connection without your knowledge; usually for advertising purposes. Spyware may be hidden in freeware or shareware programs downloaded through the Internet. It has the capability to monitor your online activity as well as gathering information such as e-mail addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers. It can also scan the files on your hard drive, eavesdrop on chat sessions, read cookies, and change your default home page.

Spyware also uses memory and system resources, and may cause your computer to run slower or crash more frequently.

Although Spyware is not illegal, it has the potential to violate your privacy.
Be extra cautious about what you download from the Internet; especially files ending with .exe. Read the licensing agreement closely before downloading any software, and be alert to changes in your PC that may indicate this virus.

Intranet Journal.com: Inside Spyware
A Guide to Finding, Removing and Preventing Online Pests
http://www.intranetjournal.com/spyware/

Spychecker.com
http://www.spychecker.com/home.html

“Spyware—It's lurking on your machine”
By Cade Metz
PC Magazine, April 22, 2003
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,4149,978170,00.asp

1. Concerns about online shopping
2. Ways to Protect Yourself When Shopping Online
3. Getting Your Own Digital Certificate
4. Resources

• Is the business that takes receiving my order authentic? (Impersonation)
• Could someone "listen in" to my order and steal my credit card number? (Eavesdropping)

Using your credit card number on the Internet can be no more dangerous than using it in a store or over the phone. In fact, it is often more secure to give out your account number over the Internet, because Web sites using a technology called SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) encrypt e-mail messages to protect them against eavesdropping and tampering. SSL can also provide authentication—verifying that the company receiving your e-mail is actually who it claims to be, and protecting you from impersonation.

How can you check on a web site’s security status to see if it uses SSL and encryption? Check the URL in the browser; you should see https:// instead of http://. Also, the broken key symbol in the lower left corner of the Netscape browser becomes solid when SSL is being used. In Internet Explorer, the open padlock in the corner is closed. Also, Internet Explorer warns you if you are about to send information to a non-secure site.

• Always use the latest version of your browser.
• Shop only on sites of larger, familiar companies that use SSL.
• Read their Privacy Statement.
• Find out if they use Cookies.
• Consider the information that you supply this company carefully, and find out what they do with the information (read their Privacy Statement).
• Do not give out private information, such as a social security number or bank account numbers.
• Never share your passwords, and consider getting a digital certificate of your own.
• Keep a record of every transaction; save hard or electronic copies of transaction summaries.

A digital certificate is software that you can install in your browser that identifies you to web sites equipped to automatically check it. A digital certificate eliminates the need for passwords and is more secure, because it encrypts your e-mail messages. It can be used with most popular e-mail programs. Digital certificates can be obtained at:

Verisign
http://info.netscape.com/fwd/verisign/http:/www.verisign.com/
client/enrollment/index.html
Cost: $14.95 per year, or free 60-day trial edition

Internet Fraud Watch
Online service for reporting frauds
http://www.fraud.org/ifw.htm

Verisign's Browser Check
An online tool to assist you in checking the security level of your browser
http://verisign.netscape.com/advisor/index.html

How Encryption Works
http://wp.netscape.com/security/basics/encryption.html

Is It Safe to Shop on the Internet?
http://wp.netscape.com/security/basics/shopping.html?cp=sciln

Digital Certificates
http://wp.netscape.com/security/techbriefs/certificates/

Firewalls are software programs or hardware devices that act as barriers or filters to e-mails and other information coming into your computer (or network) through the Internet. Firewalls control what gets through to your computer, and what does not. Some of the things that firewalls prevent are:

• Remote logins—people being able to access or view your files.
• People using hidden accesses in computer programs (called backdoors) to control the program.
• Gaining access to your e-mail address.
• E-mail bombs—Someone sends you the same e-mail hundreds or thousands of times.
  until your e-mail system cannot accept any more messages.
• Viruses—programs that spread from computer to computer, and ranging from harmless messages to total destruction of your files.
• Spam (electronic junk mail) and Cookies.

Firewalls also stop anyone on the outside from logging onto a computer in your private network, an important security consideration at work. For a firewall to work effectively, however, it must be a part of a consistent organizational-level security plan. This includes using virus-scanning software that runs whenever the computer is rebooted, and knowing not to open suspicious files.

Firewalls can also serve as an organizational ``ambassador'' to the Internet, storing public information about products and services, files to download, etc. An example of this can be found at the White House’s web site: http://www.whitehouse.gov/.

Internet Firewalls: FAQ
http://www.interhack.net/pubs/fwfaq/

How Firewalls Work
By Jeff Tyson
How Stuff Works
http://www.howstuffworks.com/firewall.htm