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1
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- In An Ever Changing World Humans Adapt
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2
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- Why do cultures change?
- How do cultures change?
- What is modernization?
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3
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Why?<=
/div>
- Pressures to change comes from several direction
- Increasing population
- Shift in infrastructure
- Increased contact with influential “others”
- Changes or entrenchments in superstructure
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4
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How?<=
/div>
- Major Mechanisms of Change
- From Within & With Choice
- Innovation
- Diffusion
- Culture Loss
- Forced Change/Repressive Change
- Acculturation
- Genocide
- Directed Change
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5
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- Innovation
- Primary, a new invention or method by chance/serendipty
- Secondary, deliberate application of known modification to an exist=
ing
situation
- Creation of ceramics for set pruposes
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6
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- Diffusion
- Primary or just “Diffusion” is movement of material and=
/or
behavior from one group to another
- Material moves directly and essentially intact
- Stimulus diffusion is the spread of an idea from one group to anoth=
er
- the idea is reworked extensively & internalized by the populat=
ion
acquiring it
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7
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- As people move and adapt, their behaviors change
- Sometimes what was done in the past is lost
- Loss is usually only felt after time
- Initially abandonment of old behaviors seen as good or essential
- Notion of actual loss usually takes time to emerge
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8
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- Often syncretic
- Blends indigenous beliefs with foreign traits to forma new system
- Forms of Reaction Include:
- Directed Modification
- Revitalization Movements
- Moral Majority
- Ghost Dance
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9
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- Acculturation
- Exchange of ideas between two or more cultures
- Rarely an equal exchange
- Usually a dominant partner in the exchange
- American dominance is typical
- Leads to accusations of McDonaldization
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10
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- REVOLUTION!
- Pressure on culture exceeds tolerable limits AND culture is not bad=
ly
fractured
- Marx and Engels were correct about basics of conflict and control of
resources
- Managers > Producers
- Producers want what managers have
- Producers compete with managers
- Producers overthrow managers
- Producers become new managers
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11
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- Radical change in a society or culture.
- In the political arena if refers to the forced overthrow of an old
government and establishment of a new one
- In the cultural arena it refers to the forced removal/overthrow of =
one
set of behaviors in favor of another set of behaviors
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12
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- Loss of prestige of established authority
- Leaders lose prestige & authority
- Threat to economic position
- Loss of ability to live acceptable life
- Government Indecisiveness
- Lack of action by leadership to meet needs of the governed
- Inability of government to act
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13
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- The Grass is Always Greener….
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14
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