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 “Speculating About Causes”
Assignment Sheet

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Basic Features of “Causes” essays include a clear presentation of the subject and a convincing causal argument that both provides supporting evidence for the writer’s proposed causes and anticipates possible counterarguments to the proposed causes or alternative causes.  Such counterarguments are either accommodated or refuted.  In simpler terms, “Causes” essays identify a phenomenon or trend, ask why it exists, offer possible causes that demonstrate that the writer has thought about the subject thoroughly, and recognize possible alternative causes for the phenomenon or trend.

Possible Topics
 Topics can run the gamut of political and social issues.  Generally speaking, however, you should avoid topics that have been pondered to death and over-scrutinized.  Such overly-debated topics might include capital punishment, abortion, or euthanasia.  While you might be able to find lots of information on those topics, you will be hard pressed to develop any original insight into such issues, and aside from my personal preference not to read umpteen essays on such topics, I also want to challenge you to think about issues that you can provide some original insight into.  I also want to caution you against choosing a topic that deals substantially with issues of faith, since issues of faith tend to be extralogical or metalogical, and I must evaluate your essays on logical reasoning.
 Some topics that are “topical” right now include why President Bush’s approval rating continues to remain steady and even rise in spite of the  war with Iraq, why COD's previously highly-rated football team is struggling so mightily, and why CODs enrollment is floundering .  Since we meet in a computerized classroom, you might also want to explore online phenomenon such as “flaming,” “lurking,” “spamming,” and the growing popularity of the Internet and the World Wide Web.

Typical Problems With This Essay

Subject:

bulletThe subject is not a trend or phenomenon nor is it clearly defined or described.
bulletThe subject does not lend itself to argument because it has an established or proven cause.
bulletIf the subject is a trend: a significant change over time has not been demonstrated with evidence.

Argument:

bulletThe essay presents the trend or phenomenon, but it is not clear which cause the essay is arguing for.
bulletThe proposed cause(s) is(are) obvious or is(are) neither necessary nor sufficient to explain the subject.
bulletThere are no alternative causes presented.
bulletThe causes are not presented in an organized or effective order.
bulletThe argument contains obvious logical fallacies—such as confusing causes with effects.
bulletThe essay does not offer enough evidence, examples, or anecdotes to support the argument.
bulletThe essay evaluates the subject, or proposes solutions to it, rather than speculating about its causes.
bulletThe writer does not select or use sources effectively.
bulletIf the subject is a trend: the argument does not show why there was a marked increase or decrease at the particular time.

Readers:

bulletThe essay does not consider possible objections to the argument or accommodate or refute them successfully.
bulletThe writer’s tone is too casual or frivolous for the subject and the readers.