1. Observation is contact with the world through the use of the senses.

    

2. Observation equips us with the material for thought, reflection and judgment.

    

3. Observers exposed to the same sense impressions do not necessarily see, hear, feel, taste or smell the same things.

    

4. Observation is influenced by experience, knowledge and emotion.

    

5. Attention plays an important part in observation.

    

6. One can be trained to be a more effective observer.

    

7. Some people are more reliable witnesses than others.

    

8. The trained observer sees significant details.

    

9. A sharp eye for details is an important skill for many professions: scientists, physicians, artists, instructors, accountants, among others.

Inference

1. We draw inferences on the basis of observations, or on conclusions drawn from previous observations.

    

2. Inference is the interpretation of facts. (A statement of fact is an observation statement that can be verified by the use of the senses.)

    

3. Valid inferences are based on sufficient and relevant evidence.

    

4. Inferences express probability, not certainty.

    

5. Our training and background provide a basis for our inferences.

    

6. Inferences enable us to assess and evaluate conditions and make predictions.